Here is a schematic describing the role of HPV in cervical cancer. Note the association between viral & integrated DNA in the progression of dysplasia to invasive cancer. Also note the alterations in the superficial layers of epithelium. Cytology (Pap smear) is an important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of cervical dysplasia. Use this diagram to determine what you might see in the cytology of normal epithelium, LGSIL, HGSIL, and invasive cancer.